Þýska orrustuskipið Tirpitz
 | |
| Skipstjóri: | Ýmsir |
| Útgerð: | Þýski sjóherinn |
| Þyngd: | 42.900 brúttótonn |
| Lengd: | 241.6 m |
| Breidd: | 36 m |
| Ristidýpt: | 9.3 m |
| Vélar: | |
| Siglingahraði: | 30 sjómílur |
| Tegund: | Orrustuskip |
| Bygging: | Kriegsmarinewerft, Wilhelmshaven, Þýskalandi |
Þýska orrustuskipið Tirpitz var annað af tveimur orrustuskipum af Bismarck-tegund sem byggð voru fyrir þýska sjóherinn í kringum seinni heimstyrjöldina. Það er stærsta orrustuskip sem byggt hefur verið í Evrópu og systurskip Bismarck.[1] Skipið er nefnt eftir aðmírálnum Alfred von Tirpitz[2] og hófst bygging þess í nóvember 1936.[3] Skipið hljóp af stokkunum árið 1939 og var tekið í notkun árið 1941.[4]
Fljótlega eftir að Tirpitz var tekið í notkun sigldi það til Noregs. Í september 1943 tók það tók þátt í árás Þjóðverja á Spitzbergen og var það í eina skiptið sem skipið notaði byssur sínar í árásarskyni. Þann 12. nóvember 1944 var skipinu sökkt úti fyrir Tromsø í árás breska flughersins.[5] Talið er að á bilinu 950 og 1.204 af áhöfn Tirpitz hafi farist þegar því var sökkt.[6][7][4][8][9][5]
Tilvísanir
[breyta | breyta frumkóða]- ↑ Garzke & Dulin, bls. 203.
- ↑ Williamson, bls. 35.
- ↑ Sieche, bls. 44.
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Gröner, bls. 35.
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Garzke & Dulin, bls. 273.
- ↑ Sweetman, bls. 248.
- ↑ Zetterling & Tamelander, bls. 327.
- ↑ Breyer, bls. 26.
- ↑ Williamson, bls. 40.
Heimildir
[breyta | breyta frumkóða]- Bishop, Patrick (2012). Target Tirpitz. HarperPress. ISBN 978-0-00-731924-4.
- Blair, Clay (1996). Hitler's U-Boat War. 1: The Hunters, 1939–1942. bindi. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-0-304-35260-9.
- Breyer, Siegfried (1989). Battleship "Tirpitz". West Chester: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 978-0-88740-184-8.
- Brown, David (1977). Tirpitz: The Floating Fortress. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-85368-341-4.
- Brown, J. D. (2009). Carrier Operations in World War II. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-108-2.
- Campbell, John (1985). Naval Weapons of World War II. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-459-2.
- Garzke, William H. & Dulin, Robert O. (1985). Battleships: Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-101-0.
- Gröner, Erich (1990). German Warships: 1815–1945. I: Major Surface Vessels. bindi. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-790-6.
- Hafsten, Bjørn (1991). Flyalarm: Luftkrigen over Norge 1939–1945. Oslo: Sem & Stenersen. ISBN 978-82-7046-058-8.
- Hartl, Claudia; Konter, Oliver; St George, Scott; Kirchhefer, Andreas; Scholz, Denis; Esper, Jan. „Warfare Dendrochronology – Trees as Witnesses of the Tirpitz Attacks“ (PDF). copernicus.org. European Geosciences Union. Sótt 12 apríl 2018.
- Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert & Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993). Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe (Volume 7). Ratingen, Germany: Mundus Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8364-9743-5.
- Kemp, Paul (1998). The Encyclopedia of 20th Century Conflict Sea Warfare. London: Arms and Armour. ISBN 978-1-85409-221-2.
- Koop, Gerhard & Schmolke, Klaus-Peter (1998). Battleships of the Bismarck Class: Bismarck and Tirpitz, Culmination and Finale of German Battleship Construction. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-049-6.
- Morgan, Hugh & Weal, John (1998). German Jet Aces of World War 2. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85532-634-7.
- Ottosen, Kristian (1983). Theta Theta: Et Blad Fra Motstandskampens Historie 1940–1945. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 978-82-00-06823-5.
- Polmar, Norman & Noot, Jurrien (1991). Submarines of the Russian and Soviet Navies, 1718–1990. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-570-4.
- Prager, Hans Georg (2002). Panzerschiff Deutschland, Schwerer Kreuzer Lützow: ein Schiffs-Schicksal vor den Hintergründen seiner Zeit (þýska). Hamburg: Koehler. ISBN 978-3-7822-0798-0.
- Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two. Annapolis: US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-119-8.
- Schuck, Walter (2009). Luftwaffe Eagle – From the Me 109 to the Me 262. Ottringham: Hikoki Publications. ISBN 978-1-902109-06-0.
- Sieche, Erwin (1987). „Germany 1922–1946“. Í Sturton, Ian (ritstjóri). Conway's All the World's Battleships: 1906 to the Present. London: Conway Maritime Press. bls. 28–49. ISBN 978-0-85177-448-0.
- Stehr, Werner F.G. & Breyer, Siegfried (1999). Leichte und mitlere Artillerie auf deutschen Kriegsschiffen [Light and middle artillery on German warships] (þýska). Wölfersheim-Berstadt: Podzun Pallas. ISBN 3-7909-0664-6.
- Sweetman, John (2004). Tirpitz: Hunting the Beast. Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing Limited. ISBN 978-0-7509-3755-9.
- Torkildsen, Torbjørn (1998). Svalbard: vårt nordligste Norge (norska) (3rd. útgáfa). Oslo: Aschehoug. ISBN 978-82-03-22224-5.
- Van der Vat, Dan (1988). The Atlantic Campaign. Edinburgh: Birlinn. ISBN 978-1-84158-124-8.
- Whitley, M. J. (1998). Battleships of World War II. London: Casell. ISBN 1-85409-386-X.
- Williamson, Gordon (2003). German Battleships 1939–45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-498-6.
- Zetterling, Niklas & Tamelander, Michael (2009). Tirpitz: The Life and Death of Germany's Last Super Battleship. Havertown: Casemate. ISBN 978-1-935149-18-7.